Noel, J. (2008). Developing multicultural educators (2nd ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland.
- hermenuetical consciousness of prejudice-to recognize that context-society, its traditions, its prejudices - is not isolated from our identity.
- stereotyping -creation of mental categories in order to group people, items, or events.
- Noel says here this is a cognitive process not emotional
- Forming of stereotypes-why? in order to sort out the overwhelmingness of the world- simplify
- How? minds focus on distinctive stimuli
- huerist thinking- mental shortcuts to make quick and efficient judgements
- Social identity theory- people get their self-worth from the groups to which they identify- the in-group. People will associate positive attributes to the in-group and the adverse to the out-group
- non-dispositional characteristics- are behaviors outside of one's control that is not her "fault".
- dispositional characteristics - consistently displayed is stable over time and is in control of the individual (can be dangerous if applied to the whole group without evidence to support)
- attribution error- when people make assumptions about a group based on the individual behavior
Pre-judge->prejudice
-Racial and cultural difference theory- people instinctively fear and dislike cultures that are different
-Economic competition theory- feel that a loss of control- someone or something is causing my hardships
(especially during times of turmoil)
-Traumatic experience theory develops as a result of trauma in combination with other factors
-Frustration-Aggression theory- certain personalities are more prone to prejudice
[completely surprised at the percentage of hate crimes being towards Jews]
Racism- belief in superiority on one's own race
social upheavel- times of turmoil
idealism- replaces religion
need to belong
ambition
power
self-hatred
individualized racism +power= institutionalized racism
semiotics-mainfestations such as signs and symbols that represent racism within a society
Education-achievement gaps, quality gaps, tracking, subtractive schooling- the removal of one's own language & culture self-fufilling prophecy
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