Ibrahim, A. (1999). Becoming Black: Rap and Hip-Hop, race, gender, identity, and the politics of ESL learning. TESOL Quarterly, 33(3), 349-369.
A study of French-speaking African immigrant teenagers who identify with the Black culture and it is seen in speaking Black Stylized English, manners of dress, sports, and pop-culture. The identification with a marginalized culture is a result of basic needs to fit in to a collective memory, politics, history and location of their new community.
[I often wonder whether or not this occurs because of the dominant culture stereotypes or the Africans seek them out because they are group they are the most similar to? It is probably a combination of the two.]
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